SELECT * FROM users WHERE JSON_CONTAINS(tags, '"vip"');
SELECT * FROM users WHERE JSON_CONTAINS_PATH(doc, 'all', '$.a', '$.b');
-- 多值索引（8.0.17+）可加速数组包含
CREATE INDEX idx_tags ON users ((CAST(tags AS CHAR(16) ARRAY)));
SELECT * FROM users WHERE 'vip' MEMBER OF (tags);

SELECT * FROM users WHERE tags @> '["vip"]'::jsonb;
SELECT * FROM users WHERE doc ? 'status';        -- 顶层键存在
SELECT * FROM users WHERE doc ?| ARRAY['a','b']; -- 任一键存在
SELECT * FROM users WHERE doc ?& ARRAY['a','b']; -- 全部键存在
-- 包含查询配 GIN 索引
CREATE INDEX idx_doc ON users USING gin (doc jsonb_path_ops);